المعايير الفنية والمهنية في الصحافة الإلكترونية الجزائرية : دراسة تحليلة وميدانية

Abstract

يتناول هذا البحث، بشقّيه التحليلي والميداني، مدى التزام صحيفة الشروق أون لاين بالمعايير المهنية والفنية للصحافة الإلكترونية، بالاعتماد على منهج المسح الوصفي وتحليل محتوى عينة قصدية من المواد الصحفية، إلى جانب دراسة ميدانية شملت مستخدمي الصحيفة. وقد أظهرت النتائج ضعف التزام الصحيفة بالمعايير الفنية، خاصة في أساليب الكتابة الإلكترونية، وتوظيف الوسائط المتعددة والتفاعلية، مقابل التزام مقبول بالمعايير المهنية مثل تنوع المصادر والحياد والتنوع الموضوعاتي والجغرافي. كما بيّنت الدراسة الميدانية أن المستخدمين قيّموا إيجابياً جاذبية التصميم وسهولة الاستخدام والوضوح والفورية، في حين سجّلوا تحفظات على تنوع المحتوى والاستقلالية، مع تقييم متوسط لمعيار المصداقية، مما يعكس التزاماً نسبياً بالمعايير المهنية يقابله قصور في الجوانب الفنية والتفاعلية This research in its both analytical and practical framework aims at exploring Echorouk Online newspaper’s commitment to the professional and technical standards of the electronic press. To reach the findings, the research uses a descriptive survey given to a sample of 5838 person, the survey analyses the content published in Echorouk Online newspaper. Concerning the practical part an electronic questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 250 user of Echorouk Online newspaper .The needed data needed was collected and the study hypotheses were statistically tested using the SPSS statistical package programme .Three theoretical approaches were implemented in the study: the theory of uses and gratifications, the theory of practice, and the theory of the hybrid model. The analytical study of the technical standards arrived to the conclusion that Echorouk Online newspaper did not respect the writing principles of electronic newspapers through its use of long paragraphs, and did not work enough to achieve a massive interaction among the users. Regarding its commitment to the professional standards, the study reveals that the electronic newspaper employs a variety of information sources in the treatment of its subjects. The results of the study show that the newspaper is neutral and far from being biased and respects the geographical, topical and linguistic diversity. The findings indicate that most of the respondents of the questionnaire find that the newspaper respects the standards of the design and that of easier readability, clarity, visibility and the convenience of information in addition to linguistic clarity with varying proportions. However, it failed to meet the content diversity dimension. As for the commitment to the professional standards, the respondents agreed on the statements which indicate that the newspaper responds to the different dimensions of neutrality, responsibility, diversity comprehensiveness and interactivity criteria in varying degrees. Unlike the first dimension, the second one showed almost the opposite result; the majority of respondents answered with “partially agree” on credibility standards and did not agree on the statements concerning freedom of press.