تأثير الحضارات العراقية القديمة في شبه الجزيرة العربية نبونائيد آخر ملوك بابل أنموذجا

Abstract

شبه الجزيرة العربية كغيرها من المناطق تأثرت بالحضارات العظيمة مثل حضارات بلاد الرافدين. وقد ُمثّل انتقال الملك نابونائيد آخر ملوك بابل إلى واحة تيماء واستقراره فيها التأثير البابلي في المنطقة العربية، وكان هذا التأثير من جانبين: جانب ديني متمثل في انتقال عبادة الإله سين إله القمر إلى المنطقة باعتباره سيد الآلهة، وجانب اجتماعي متمثل في استقرار بعض يهود السبي البابلي في المنطقة بسبب وجودهم مع الملك البابلي خلال مدّة إقامته في تيماء. Summary: Nabonidus was the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. He took the throne after Nebuchadnezzar 2. During many years of his kingship, Nabonidus was absent at the Arabian oasis of Tayma. It was an important oasis, from which lucrative Arabian trade routes could be controlled. The reasons for his long absence remain a matter of controversy, with theories ranging from illness, to madness, to an interest in religious archaeology. But the most theory about the reason o the king stay in Tayma is that he was not comfortable in Babylon, which was the center of Marduk worship. Because the king had to implore all the gods to support and honor Marduk, an act which may have been unacceptable to Nabonidus if he was devoted to Sin as supreme. Nabonidus returned to the capital in time to lead his armies against the ascendant forces of Persia under Cyrus the Great. Nabonidus eventually surrendered to the Persian forces in 539 BC .