آراء الإمام عبد الملك بن الماجشون التي خالف بها مشهور مذهب مالك - رحمه الله -

Abstract

لقد تعددت المدارس الفقهية في المذهب المالكي وكان من أهم أسباب ذلك اختلاف أنظار تلامذة الإمام مالك رحمه الله وأصحابه,مما جعل بعضهم ينزع الى مخالفة الإمام في بعض آرائه بل ويستقل بالنظر والإجتهاد . وقد حاولَت هذه الدراسة تسليط الضوء على فقه إمام من أئمة المذهب وأحد كبار تلامذة الإمام مالك رحمه الله ,رائد المدرسة المدنية :الفقيه "عبد الملك بن عبد العزيز بن الماجشون رحمه الله"من خلال عرض آارائه الفقهية التي خالف فيها القول المشهور عن الإمام مالك رحمه الله –في قسم العبادات-وإبراز منهجه الفقهي تتكون الرسالة من مقدّمة وفصل تمهيدي وستة فصول وخاتمة مع الفهارس الفنية _ أمّا المقدمة: فقد ذكرت فيها: إشكالية البحث مع التعريف به وبيان دوافع اختيار هذا الموضوع وأهميته وأهدافه والمنهج المعتمد للدراسة ورسم لخطة البحث وأهم الصعوبات التي واجهتني مع ذكر للدراسات السابقة _وأما الفصل التمهيدي: ففيه ترجمة للإمام ابن الماجشون وذكر حالة عصره السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والعلمية وجوانب من حياته الشّخصية والعلمية مبرزا مكانته في المذهب كما تطرقت للحديث عن المدرسة المدنية وأثرها وخصائصها باعتباره زعيما لها ثم انتقلت الى التعريف بأهم المصطلحات الواردة في عنوان البحث لأهميتها في موضوعنا _ وأما الفصول الخمسة: فقد تضمنت جمعَ الآراء الفقهية لابن الماجشون المخالفة لمذهب الإمام مالك رحمه الله –قسم العبادات-ابتداء بأبواب الطهارة وانتهاء بأبواب الحج ومباحثه ,وقد عنيت بدراسة آرائه دراسة تفصيلية مقارنة بالقول المشهور وغيره ,كما حرصت على بيان الأدلة ومناقشتها بحسب ما تيسر لي _أما الفصل السادس: فكانت الدراسة متعلقة ببيان المنهج الفقهي لابن الماجشون رحمه الله من خلال آرائه الفقهية وما عالجته من المسائل الفقهية للإمام عبد الملك _وأما الخاتمة :ففيها عرض لأهم النتائج المتوصل إليها في هذا البحث ,وقد أبانت الدراسة على كثرة مخالفات ابن الماجشون لشيخه الإمام مالك وأنه لم يكن مقلدا متعصبا لإمامه بل صرف وجهته الى الإجتهاد معتمدا على الدليل والنظر مما كان له أثر عظيم في المذهب المالكي ثم ختمت البحث بفهارس فنية تكشف عن مضامين الرسالة The jurisprudence schools in the Malikite Rite had been differentiated and the most essential reasons of that,the diversity of Imam malik and his Companions Students’ points of view, this had led some of them to oppose the Imam in few of his Opinions further they had independed by their visions and in a Legal Reasoning. This had tried to make a spotlight on one of the scholars of this Rite and one of the brilliant students of Imam Malik-Allah’s mercy be upon him-, the leader of the Medina school: The Jurisprudent ”Abdu El-Malik Bnu Abdu El-Aziz Bnu El-Majoushen -Allah’s mercy be upon him-, through exhibiting his jurisprudence opinions in that he had contradicted the famous speech of imam malik -Allah’s mercy be upon him-( in the division of worships -ibaddate-; and illustrating his jurisprudent methodology. The thesis constituted of: Introduction; and an Introductory Chapter; and Six Chapters and a Conclusion with in an Artistic Catalogues (Prefaces). -Regarding the introduction: I had mentioned in it: the problematic of the research-paper with its definition and showing the impulses the choosing this topic, its importance, its purposes, and the adopted methodology in this study and drawing of the research-paper outline, and the most obstacles that I had faced by mentioning the previous studies. -And regarding the introductory chapter: contained the bibliography of the El-Iimam Bnu Eel-mMajoushen, by demonstrating his political, social, economical and scientific Era ; and parts of his personal and scientific life by exposing his status in the rite; also I had spoken about The Medina School, its trials, and characteristics for he is considered as its Leader; then I moved to define the important terms mentioned in the title of The Research-Paper; because they were very essential in my Topic. -And the five chapters: had included the gathering of the Bnu El-Majoushen Jurisprudence Opinions that opposing the rite of Imam Malik -Allah’s mercy be upon him-(The Worships’ Division) starting by the Ablution’s Gate and ending by the Pilgrimage’s Gate and its Sections, I had kept attention in studying his opinions in a detailed study compared with the famous speech and others, also I took care of showing the proofs and discussing them hardly. - In the sixth chapter: the study was related to the clarification of Bnu El-Majoushen’s Jurisprudence Methodology-Allah’s mercy be upon him- according to his Jurisprudence Opinions and what they had treated of Imam Abdu El-Malik jurisprudence cases. - And the conclusion: contained an exhibition of the most reached results in this thesis, and the study had shown many contradictions of Bnu El-Majoushen to his teacher Imam Malik and his was not an allied imitator of his imam; but he was interested by the legal-reasoning lying on the evidence and on what had impacted the malikite’s rite. Then I had concluded the research–paper by an artistic catalogues (prefaces), discovering the contents of the thesis.